โครงการวิจัย

This study investigated the prevalence of Babesia spp. infection in Thai fighting bulls from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) gene. A total of 267 blood samples were collected from 13 districts: Nophitam, Phipun, Chawang, Thungyai, Nabon, Changklan, Lansaka, Ronphibun, Chulaphon, Chauat, Huasai, Chianyai, and Pakphanang. PCR analysis identified 33 positive samples from 7 districts, yielding an overall infection rate of 12.36%. District-specific infection rates were: Nophitam, 20.0% (4/20); Phipun, 15.0% (3/20); Ronphibun, 31.81% (7/22); Chulaphon, 15.0% (3/20); Chauat, 25.0% (5/20); Huasai, 25.0% (5/20); and Chianyai, 26.09% (6/23). Nucleotide sequencing confirmed that all positive samples were Babesia bovis; B. bigemina was not detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the B. bovis ama-1 sequences revealed two distinct clades. Clade I, comprising isolates from Nophitam and Phipun, demonstrated a close genetic relationship with B. bovis isolates from Brazil and Thailand. Clade II, encompassing isolates from Ronphibun, Chulaphon, Chauat, Huasai, and Chianyai, exhibited genetic similarity to B. bovis isolates from Israel and Sri Lanka. These findings provide valuable insights into the prevalence and geographic distribution of B. bovis infection in this region, which is essential for implementing effective parasite control strategies.

The results indicated the distinct phylogenetic clades suggesting regional B. bovis strain differences. In addition, the study highlighted heterogeneous infection distribution, warranting further investigation into transmission and management implications for this economically and culturally important fighting bull population.

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